With the test plan in place, testers can begin to write and create detailed test cases. In this STLC phase, the QA team fleshes out the details of the structured tests they will run, including any test data they will need to facilitate those tests. While tests must ultimately validate the areas defined by requirements, testers can exert their skills and creativity in how they achieve this task.
When conceptualizing test cases, the tester’s goal should be to validate functionality within the allotted time and scope, especially core functionality. Test cases should be simple and well understood for any member of the team, but also unique from other test cases. Test cases should aim to achieve full coverage of the requirements in the specifications document — a traceability matrix can help track coverage. It’s important that test cases be identifiable and repeatable, as developers will add new functionality to the product over time, requiring tests to run again. They must also not alter the test environment for future tests, especially when validating configurations.
Test cases might also require maintenance or updates over time to validate both new and existing functionality. This work also occurs at this STLC stage.
Once test cases are ready, a test team lead or peer can review them. They might also review and update automated test scripts at this STLC stage. Ultimately, the team prioritizes and organizes these test cases into test suites that run later.
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